topic Re: Swap in Operating System - HP-UX

Swap

Rumen Ginev — Mon, 08 May 2000 07:06:04 GMT

On a K-class with HP-UX 10.20
I added second swap device with the same size and priority as the first one. I did this by:
lvcreate -C y -n lvswap /dev/vg01
swapon /dev/vg01/lvswap

It seems the system runs fine, but in the output from swapinfo -ta the field "USED" (for both swap devices) is allways "0".

Do I have problem? How to resolve it?

Re: Swap

freddri — Mon, 08 May 2000 12:12:32 GMT

You most likely do not have a problem. Chances are a kernel parameter called swapmem_on is set to 1. This enables pseudo swap. A GREAT thing. Pseudo swap allows is the system to swap within memory up to 75% of your memory. When the memory becomes full then device swap is used. There is no potential for harm using psuedo swap. Your device swap will appear as 0% until the system needs to swap outside of memory. The concept reduces disk I/O which leads to better performance.

Re: Swap

freddri — Mon, 08 May 2000 12:15:06 GMT

Chances are you have swapmem_on set to 1. This variable enables pseudo swap or swapping inside of memory. If the system needs to swap something out and some memory is available, it will be done inside of memory instead of to disk. Much better and faster, and there is no potential for harm. Once certain thresholds are met, device swap will be used by the OS.

Re: Swap

Selvaraj — Mon, 08 May 2000 16:10:06 GMT

Yes I do believe that there is a possibility of kernel parameter swapmem_on value set to one.Set back that variable to 0 and try swapinfo command, there is possibility of getting solution for your question.

Re: Swap

freddri — Wed, 10 May 2000 12:32:49 GMT

I would have to disagree with setting the variable to 0. If you are swapping in memory that is a great thing. You are reducing disk io and are running much faster. When the system needs the memory it will stop using pseudo swap and use device swap. Do a swapinfo -ta and look at the memory line. Theat will give you an indication of how much pseudo swap you are using.

Re: Swap

Jason Luginbuhl — Wed, 10 May 2000 15:58:21 GMT

Some perspective on the information that was given. Psuedo-swap is not really used before device swap. The problem that you are seeing is in the interpretation of what the "used" column is actually telling you. You will not see anything other than 0% in this column for the device swap areas unless you are actively swapping processes out to disk. This is a good thing (for performance) that you are seeing 0% for these device swap areas.

You will notice that you have significant amount of "reserved" space for these devices. "Reserved" means that as processes are started they "reserve" space in swap "just in case" they need to be swapped out. That is what this "reserve" column is showing in swapinfo. This is shown with a negative number to indicate that this amount of device swap is reserved and unavailable. This is indicative of how much device swap is being "used". However, if the process is never actually swapped out you will never see this "reflected" in "used".

As mentioned before, pseduo swap will be show as a memory line in swapinfo. This is not really used before reserving swap on a device but it is used before actually swapping processes to disk which would cause a performance hit and would increase the used column above 0%.

Hopefully this clarifies things.