Commands History !!

[Ahmed Saleem]

Hi,
At PSA when a user logged on his commands history is mentained in ~.sh_history file; but when he switch to "tcsh" his history is no longer mentained. This is true for psaadmin on both psa1a & psa1b.
Do you know which variable to set so that commands given from tcsh shell also go in history file.

[Arunvijai_4]

Hello,

in .tcshrc, you can export histfile same as .sh_history. When you switch between shells, same history file will be maintained.

-Arun

[Muthukumar_5]

When a user is switched then that shell has to enabled for history logging.

see the man page of tcsh with history keyword. Is there some thing related?

--
Muthu

[Muthukumar_5]

Read this:

History substitution
Each command, or ``event'', input from the terminal is saved in the
history list. The previous command is always saved, and the history
shell variable can be set to a number to save that many commands. The
histdup shell variable can be set to not save duplicate events or con-
secutive duplicate events.

Saved commands are numbered sequentially from 1 and stamped with the
time. It is not usually necessary to use event numbers, but the cur-
rent event number can be made part of the prompt by placing an `!' in
the prompt shell variable.

The shell actually saves history in expanded and literal (unexpanded)
forms. If the histlit shell variable is set, commands that display and
store history use the literal form.

The history builtin command can print, store in a file, restore and
clear the history list at any time, and the savehist and histfile shell
variables can be can be set to store the history list automatically on
logout and restore it on login.

History substitutions introduce words from the history list into the
input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, repeat arguments of a
previous command in the current command, or fix spelling mistakes in
the previous command with little typing and a high degree of confi-
dence.

History substitutions begin with the character `!'. They may begin
anywhere in the input stream, but they do not nest. The `!' may be
preceded by a `\' to prevent its special meaning; for convenience, a
`!' is passed unchanged when it is followed by a blank, tab, newline,
`=' or `('. History substitutions also occur when an input line begins
with `^'. This special abbreviation will be described later. The
characters used to signal history substitution (`!' and `^') can be
changed by setting the histchars shell variable. Any input line which
contains a history substitution is printed before it is executed.

A history substitution may have an ``event specification'', which indi-
cates the event from which words are to be taken, a ``word designa-
tor'', which selects particular words from the chosen event, and/or a
``modifier'', which manipulates the selected words.

An event specification can be

n A number, referring to a particular event
-n An offset, referring to the event n before the current
event
# The current event. This should be used carefully in
csh(1), where there is no check for recursion. tcsh allows
10 levels of recursion. (+)
! The previous event (equivalent to `-1')
s The most recent event whose first word begins with the
string s
?s? The most recent event which contains the string s. The
second `?' can be omitted if it is immediately followed by
a newline.

For example, consider this bit of someone's history list:

9 8:30 nroff -man wumpus.man
10 8:31 cp wumpus.man wumpus.man.old
11 8:36 vi wumpus.man
12 8:37 diff wumpus.man.old wumpus.man

The commands are shown with their event numbers and time stamps. The
current event, which we haven't typed in yet, is event 13. `!11' and
`!-2' refer to event 11. `!!' refers to the previous event, 12. `!!'
can be abbreviated `!' if it is followed by `:' (`:' is described
below). `!n' refers to event 9, which begins with `n'. `!?old?' also
refers to event 12, which contains `old'. Without word designators or
modifiers history references simply expand to the entire event, so we
might type `!cp' to redo the copy command or `!!|more' if the `diff'
output scrolled off the top of the screen.

History references may be insulated from the surrounding text with
braces if necessary. For example, `!vdoc' would look for a command
beginning with `vdoc', and, in this example, not find one, but
`!{v}doc' would expand unambiguously to `vi wumpus.mandoc'. Even in
braces, history substitutions do not nest.

(+) While csh(1) expands, for example, `!3d' to event 3 with the letter
`d' appended to it, tcsh expands it to the last event beginning with
`3d'; only completely numeric arguments are treated as event numbers.
This makes it possible to recall events beginning with numbers. To
expand `!3d' as in csh(1) say `!\3d'.

To select words from an event we can follow the event specification by
a `:' and a designator for the desired words. The words of an input
line are numbered from 0, the first (usually command) word being 0, the
second word (first argument) being 1, etc. The basic word designators
are:

0 The first (command) word
n The nth argument
^ The first argument, equivalent to `1'
$ The last argument
% The word matched by an ?s? search
x-y A range of words
-y Equivalent to `0-y'
* Equivalent to `^-$', but returns nothing if the event con-
tains only 1 word
x* Equivalent to `x-$'
x- Equivalent to `x*', but omitting the last word (`$')

Selected words are inserted into the command line separated by single
blanks. For example, the `diff' command in the previous example might
have been typed as `diff !!:1.old !!:1' (using `:1' to select the first
argument from the previous event) or `diff !-2:2 !-2:1' to select and
swap the arguments from the `cp' command. If we didn't care about the
order of the `diff' we might have said `diff !-2:1-2' or simply `diff
!-2:*'. The `cp' command might have been written `cp wumpus.man
!#:1.old', using `#' to refer to the current event. `!n:- hurkle.man'
would reuse the first two words from the `nroff' command to say `nroff
-man hurkle.man'.

The `:' separating the event specification from the word designator can
be omitted if the argument selector begins with a `^', `$', `*', `%' or
`-'. For example, our `diff' command might have been `diff !!^.old
!!^' or, equivalently, `diff !!$.old !!$'. However, if `!!' is abbre-
viated `!', an argument selector beginning with `-' will be interpreted
as an event specification.

A history reference may have a word designator but no event specifica-
tion. It then references the previous command. Continuing our `diff'
example, we could have said simply `diff !^.old !^' or, to get the
arguments in the opposite order, just `diff !*'.

The word or words in a history reference can be edited, or ``modi-
fied'', by following it with one or more modifiers, each preceded by a
`:':

h Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head.
t Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
r Remove a filename extension `.xxx', leaving the root name.
e Remove all but the extension.
u Uppercase the first lowercase letter.
l Lowercase the first uppercase letter.
s/l/r/ Substitute l for r. l is simply a string like r, not a
regular expression as in the eponymous ed(1) command. Any
character may be used as the delimiter in place of `/'; a
`\' can be used to quote the delimiter inside l and r. The
character `&' in the r is replaced by l; `\' also quotes
`&'. If l is empty (``''), the l from a previous substitu-
tion or the s from a previous `?s?' event specification is
used. The trailing delimiter may be omitted if it is imme-
diately followed by a newline.
& Repeat the previous substitution.
g Apply the following modifier once to each word.
a (+) Apply the following modifier as many times as possible to a
single word. `a' and `g' can be used together to apply a
modifier globally. In the current implementation, using
the `a' and `s' modifiers together can lead to an infinite
loop. For example, `:as/f/ff/' will never terminate. This
behavior might change in the future.
p Print the new command line but do not execute it.
q Quote the substituted words, preventing further substitu-
tions.
x Like q, but break into words at blanks, tabs and newlines.

Modifiers are applied to only the first modifiable word (unless `g' is
used). It is an error for no word to be modifiable.

For example, the `diff' command might have been written as `diff wum-
pus.man.old !#^:r', using `:r' to remove `.old' from the first argument
on the same line (`!#^'). We could say `echo hello out there', then
`echo !*:u' to capitalize `hello', `echo !*:au' to say it out loud, or
`echo !*:agu' to really shout. We might follow `mail -s "I forgot my
password" rot' with `!:s/rot/root' to correct the spelling of `root'
(but see Spelling correction for a different approach).

There is a special abbreviation for substitutions. `^', when it is the
first character on an input line, is equivalent to `!:s^'. Thus we
might have said `^rot^root' to make the spelling correction in the pre-
vious example. This is the only history substitution which does not
explicitly begin with `!'.

(+) In csh as such, only one modifier may be applied to each history or
variable expansion. In tcsh, more than one may be used, for example

% mv wumpus.man /usr/man/man1/wumpus.1
% man !$:t:r
man wumpus

In csh, the result would be `wumpus.1:r'. A substitution followed by a
colon may need to be insulated from it with braces:

> mv a.out /usr/games/wumpus
> setenv PATH !$:h:$PATH
Bad ! modifier: $.
> setenv PATH !{-2$:h}:$PATH
setenv PATH /usr/games:/bin:/usr/bin:.

The first attempt would succeed in csh but fails in tcsh, because tcsh
expects another modifier after the second colon rather than `$'.

Finally, history can be accessed through the editor as well as through
the substitutions just described. The up- and down-history, history-
search-backward and -forward, i-search-back and -fwd, vi-search-back
and -fwd, copy-prev-word and insert-last-word editor commands search
for events in the history list and copy them into the input buffer.
The toggle-literal-history editor command switches between the expanded
and literal forms of history lines in the input buffer. expand-history
and expand-line expand history substitutions in the current word and in
the entire input buffer respectively.

Use histdup shell variable.

--
Muthu

[Ahmed Saleem]

Hi,
in .tcshrc, you can export histfile same as .sh_history. Please tell me the procdure.
Very thankful to U.

[Arunvijai_4]

Yes, in .tcshrc you can export the same file as historyfile.

-Arun
P.S Remember to assign points.

[HGN]

Hi

Hope the above postings would have helped you solving the issue you are having in that case you can close this thread and assign points.
Looks like you have not assigned any points,please remember that people spend their valuable time helping other felow forumers.

Rgds

HGN

[Ahmed Saleem]

Arun, kindly forward the procedure. I didn't find any document related to this
Your help wiil be appreciated ...

[Muthukumar_5]

Go to your shell prompt and use tcsh shell.

In $HOME/.tcshrc file,

set history=100, set savehist=50;

and save it. It will work.

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rc/classes/unix2/print_pages.shtml

Search with history keyword.

--
Muthu